Introduction to tourism

Introduction to tourism and its importance: Tourism is an important species of commercial and investment activities, high profitability, the main industry has become on a global scale, it is expected to grow at a sustained growth, with the number of tourists has increased on the international level tripled in the past two decades, and is the tourism and Oambassr largest exporters employment in the world. Tourism is one of the most growing industries in the world, has become one of the most important sectors in international trade, said that tourism from an economic perspective is the productive sector plays an important role in increasing the national income and improve the balance of payments, and a source of hard currency, and the opportunity to run the workforce, and a goal to achieve Programs development. It is a social and cultural perspective, tourism is linked to dynamic aspects of culture and civilization of human movement; meaning they are civilized message and a bridge of communication between cultures and knowledge of human nations and peoples, a natural outcome of the development of tourism communities and the high standard of living level of the individual. It is worth mentioning that the level of environmental tourism is an attractive factor for tourists and satisfy their desires in terms of various natural places to visit and get to know the terrain and vegetation and wildlife, in addition to visiting local communities to learn about the customs and traditions. Sustainable tourism has become a method and a method based upon many of the world's tourism enterprises, and to what many believe is the application of the concept of sustainable tourism is not costly in financial terms, he may return is moral and material, and back in profit and interest tourism organizations. The application of the concept of tourism sustainability depends on three important aspects: First, the physical return to the owners of tourism projects. Second, the social dimension, on the grounds that these institutions are part of the local community and make use of local expertise and competencies as much as possible, in addition to the involvement of the local community and taking his opinion. Third: the environment, where these institutions treated as part of the environment, and therefore must maintain the natural resources of water, energy and natural plants and neighborhoods to ward off any risk of pollution and degradation problems.
Tourism components: overlap tourism activities with many areas, and in the following basic components of tourism which must be taken into account in any planning process: • factors and elements attract visitors: include natural elements such as climate, terrain, beaches and seas, rivers, forests and nature reserves, and human motives, such as historical sites and cultural, archaeological and religious and amusement parks and games. • facilities and services, accommodation and hospitality: such as hotels, lodges and guest houses, restaurants and restrooms. • different services: such as tourist information centers and travel agencies, the Centers for manufacture and sale of handicrafts, banks, medical centers, mail and police and tour guides. • Transportation Services: includes transportation of different types of tourism to the region. • infrastructure services: include potable water, electric power and disposal of wastewater and solid waste, and to provide a network of roads and the provision of telecommunications. • institutional elements: include marketing plans and programs for the promotion of tourism, such as the enactment of legislation and public laws and organizational structures, and motivated to attract investment in the tourism sector, and programs of education and training of employees in the tourism sector.
Eco-tourism components: The most important factors and components of eco-tourism elements are the following:
• natural factors ecosystem: It comprises elements and vital systems, and those provided by nature entirely, such as the surface of the earth, and from the mountains and valleys, forests, caves, rivers, parks and deserts, and the types of views and experiences vast contained therein, or that work on humans, such as gardens and parks. • climatic factors: any classroom climate and what the elements and potential shifts in summer or winter, spring or fall, so that these items turn into a major tourist components, to watch the sunset at the seaside or skiing on the snow in the Lebanese mountains, or iPod with stars in the desert away from all the lighting. • Biological factors: such diverse plant wealth of flowers, trees, and plants, and mineral water, to the Animal Resources and Fisheries, birds, fish, sea creatures and land are different. • Bird Watching Bird Watching (resident and transient) is accompanied by a new tourist environmentally important, especially in the Middle East. The region, and geographic and climatic reasons, is the headquarters of the strains and types of their own birds, it is also a traditional corridor for the movement of migratory birds between the north (a harsh winter climate) and the south (with a warm climate in summer). Constitute transit corridors or birds passing Baba additional tourist asks interested scholars and enthusiasts type. Abound monitor the movement of migratory birds locations along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean or the internal immigration line across the Bekaa Valley, is worth noting that countries like Oman are gaining an international reputation in this field. • Monitoring of the stars in the heavens, net of our country and other Arab countries in exchange for the Nordic heavens, which often overshadowed by clouds in the days and nights of the year, and away from the capitals of urbanization where artificial lights obscured the light of the stars. Progress skies deserts and remote areas of our environmental tourist attraction element required in abundance among tourists from the Nordic countries, for example Qkd introduced tourism authority in Dubai in the desert regions of the amateur this type of tourism. • cultural factors material: historical sites and monuments classified (ie the old pre-1700) or modern, it can be positive factors within or contiguous environmental Ocean. Shortcoming or castles are often surrounded by an ocean of environmental and water gardens and sometimes reserves are in favor of a framework for the development of environmental resources of plants and birds. As can be in certain limits the use of images of castles and monasteries and fields as a hostel or guesthouse for tourists Albeieyen houses. • non-material cultural factors: It consists of the history, religions and data locals, and the nature of their communities, and their livelihood systems and costumes and Volklorhm, languages, rituals, customs and so forth elements of a powerful magnet for tourists today. • Sports Environmental and entertainment factors or environmental sub: includes many sports, such as walking, light jogging, climbing, swimming, walking at night, walking in the snow, skiing snow, water and rowing, and other sports that are based on the idea of enjoyment Ptkadimat nature. As well as entertainment networks, solving riddles and programs that combine education to entertainment in nature, including snow skiing in the border that do not lead to the destruction of the natural environment. • Some marine and river eco-friendly Alsaahat or is harmful to them, such as swimming, diving, kayak and monitoring of the marine environment and others. • Camping and isolation test of independence for a while. • community participation style of living for a while, especially in housing, food, rituals, and sometimes in a real traditional homes or vehicles. • celebrations and events: such as festivals, events and weddings folk ceremonies and craft fairs and food, arts and others, a door Tnmoa- economic clean benefit from local residents in environmental or adjacent sites, and who are denied often the chances of commercial activity dense similar to what offered by traditional tourism patterns of cafes and restaurants and the role of fun and others. • museums and art galleries, the permanent and seasonal, which offers views and experiences of cultural heritage and beautiful, harmless to the environment, but it can be a gateway to the definition of tourism, culture and environment and the people who frequented the area. • environmental hotels or places of environmental hospitality or semi environmental specialist, in order to enjoy the tranquility and solitude, or a hospital or to the goal of educational and artistic purposes, and sometimes popularized traditional housing style tourist attraction factor. • environmental science activities, permanently or for specific periods, Kaltaraf and live reviews and Alanterbologih in laboratories or in the field - do not forget that the modus operandi of Alatnologi is to live in the community without changing its nature. • revive or re-installation of traditional practices extinct, or on the way to extinction, tangible or intangible, such as the Pharaonic Village, Village Phoenician, hair tent, etc. • imaging types, and the broader scope was always nature. • Visit environmental attractions nearby, such as the Chouf and critical Pine Cedar Nature Reserve in the Dhour Ramle area in the district of Jezzine and waterfall Guzhen Town, and monuments nearby metal Niha Chouf Castle, the Palace of Beiteddine, the Monastery of the moon, and the thrills of Sidon and Sarafand, photographs and Castle Beaufort.
The eco-tourism with environmental balance new phenomenon which requires the research and study of many elements, including: 1. meditation in nature. 2. Study the plants. 3. Identify the different types of animals. 4. how to provide human comfort. 5. try productivity and investment projects to the local community with the Environmental Protection link. 6. study of biological and cultural diversity of the tourist areas. 7. prepare tourist programs rely on the tourist operation is directed to environmentally oriented sites, making sure to exercise tourist behaviors without compromising the surrounding environment or influence them. The tourism and the environment two sectors complement each other in terms of the vision and goals, sound environment is favorable climate for sustainable tourism development, sustainable tourism focuses on the existence of a sound environmental planning.
What is ecotourism? And how it originated? Eco-tourism "Eco-Tourism" the term appeared since the early eighties of the twentieth century, a relatively recent term, came to express a new type of tourist activity-friendly environment, which is practiced by human, keeping the inheritance natural innate and cultural environment in which they live, and practiced his and his life, which in this practice, and the life is not free at all, do whatever he wants without the expense, it is a free responsible for what he does, he lives under the following equation:
The concept of eco-tourism and sustainability: is the process of learning, culture and education components of the environment, so it is a means to identify the tourists to the environment and to engage them, and sustainable tourism are the optimal exploitation of tourist sites in terms of entry of tourists balanced numbers of tourist sites to be informed in advance and know the importance of the tourist areas and handled in a friendly way, so as to prevent damage to the parties.
      And meet sustainable tourism needs of tourists as it works to maintain the tourist areas and increase employment opportunities for the local community and is working on the management of all available resources, whether economic, social or aesthetic or natural in dealing with the facts and cultural heritage, as well as the need to maintain the ecological balance and biodiversity , the World Tourism Organization WTO has focused on the concept of sustainable tourism in the Manila Declaration in 1980, and in Akubolko 1982 in Sofia in 1985, and in Cairo in 1995.
The description (Colvin, 1991) Environmental tourist as someone who is characterized by the following features: • the existence of a great desire to learn about the natural and cultural places. • Get real experience. • Easy adjustment even with simple services and endure discomfort and walk the face of difficulties and good spirit. • positive and non-emotional. • favor spending money to get the experience and not for comfort. • Access to personal and social experience. • Do not Thbez influx of tourists to places in large numbers. • endure hardship and difficulties and accept the challenge to reach the goal. • interaction with the local population and to engage their culture and social life. The table compares the traditional tourism development and the development of sustainable tourism:
Traditional sustainable tourism development of tourism development general concepts development rapid development in stages do not have limitless boundaries of certain absorptive and energy short-term long-term tourism quantum tourism qualitative management development processes from the outside management development processes by the population development development strategies without planning planning first and then development partial planning separate segments comprehensive planning an integrated focus on the establishment of units for vacationers into account the environmental conditions in the construction and planning of earth buildings traditional urban architectural styles local programs plans for projects programs are based on plans the concept of sustainability tourist groups specifications dense numbers of tourists individuals and small groups movement stays short periods long stay noises and sounds disturbing stoicism and calm in performance is mostly one visit to the place of the possibility of a repeat visit again to place different cultural levels of the higher level of culture and education source: Atallah, Farouk (2003), p. 62. definition of the Board of Directors ecotourism Society: A travel responsible to natural areas which preserves the environment and supports the prosperity of the local population. World Wide Fund for Environment definition: is travel to natural areas caused no pollution was not a natural balance is exposed to bugs, so to enjoy the scenery and flora and fauna and wild manifestations of civilizations past and present, is this kind of tourism is very important for developing countries, because it is a source of income, in addition to his role in the preservation of the environment and the consolidation of the culture and practices of sustainable development. In sum, the eco-tourism are:
Travel and moving from one place to another in order to enjoy and study and understanding, appreciation and a sense of responsibility to natural areas pristine and associated traditional cultural manifestations in other words is a set of ideas and lines are all designed to preserve the tourist legacies cultural, archaeological and religious, health and natural with all elements of mineral water, plants and animals and birds, mountains and forests sources the desert according to a long-term strategy is working to create a comprehensive plan for environmentally friendly tourism.
And also eco-tourism means practicing rational activities are not harmful to the environment, such as walking in a valley or the coast of the Sea or frequenting the wilds of heights and forests and the banks of the rivers for the purpose of research, study or explore remote areas, and to deepen the knowledge of natural environments and their components biotic and abiotic and how to deal properly with special care and a high degree Secretariat of awareness and sense of characteristics and requirements.
And invest ecotourism results preservation of the environment and nature in the new template gives the opportunity to support the national income and diversify its sources, while ensuring the continuation of ecosystems and biodiversity and the preservation of the beauty of nature and its glory full contents of the natural and historical heritage colors even be a source of education of children and grandchildren and the utilization of economically through development programs exploitation rational, and I have the past twenty years have seen a tremendous boom in the tourism industry is also accompanied by vigorous global trend towards caring for the environment and what was the natural environment of the countries most affected by the tourism industry of the United Nations has launched a global campaign for this purpose and announced 2002-year-old eco-tourism in order to activate and develop the idea of transforming the tourism sector to preserve the environment and supporting them as opposed to the concept that prevailed long before that tourism on the feud with the environment.
The term eco-tourism Eco-Tourism, though that was not checked thoroughly and in detail so far, as being established and constantly review, but the interviewer generally are as follows:
1. green tourism is clean, based on the nature and the environment mainly, more than what is beautiful and fun and useful in tourist activity, and without having to be harmful or destructive or evil on the ecological, social and cultural levels. 2. Tourism is responsible, mature, which is governed by tourism awareness, mind and a sense of responsibility and not just instincts, but what we mean is responsible? 3. It is, in all, the classic definition of tourism, which aim to promote and to identify and test different and renewal of personal and psychological. 4. Tourism is not just in the environment as a subject consumed, but tourism with the environment, with a positive attitude towards it official, a role that awareness and education and a commitment to practice then. 5. sustainable tourism is sustainable renewable resources, not depleted by the heavy use of the blind, as is happening now. Its results and it is in the interests of national tourism in favor of the environment together, which is in favor of local and national development in the medium and long term. 6. hurt the predominant use so far in one direction is the sustainable development of sustainable development, while tourist pattern or practice of a tourist does not prevent it, the sustainability of environmental resources in the broad sense of "natural, cultural, social," or when it enhances the style or the practice of sustainability of environmental resources, can be judged that the pattern that tourism, or tourism practice this, acceptable and friendly and reconciled with the environment, and to the extent permitted by saying that it is eco-tourism.
The concept of eco-tourism has gone through a historic three phases: Phase I: Phase protect tourists from pollution: through directed to areas that contain any threat to him or exposure to risks, especially in remote areas of pollution from urbanization, but that this phase owner dangers threatened the same environment as a result of some cons practiced by tourists and tourism companies, which led to the loss of natural areas and threaten the validity of the natural biology. Second stage: the stage stop environmental waste: Through the use of tourism and tourist activities do not cause any waste or pollution and thus maintain what exists and is in the environmental site. Third stage: the stage of dealing with the existing environmental conditions: through the reform of environmental waste and treatment of environmental pollution and the reform of the foregoing that the human Bavsadeh and return the situation to what it was or address environmental imbalances to become better and better.
Ecotourism rules: Because of eco-tourism was just an idea, not an approach to the tourism projects or governments owners, it has been promoted without knowing the rules and approach, and today's eco-tourism has become an approach must be taken with no slogans raised and frequency, and we must guides investors and governments aware of the feasibility the application of eco-tourism approach and understanding of the bases of, and the development of laws and regulations governing the tourist operation associated with it, and if approved, the ecotourism rules, can be some of the tourist guidance development, which will help to reduce the negative impacts of tourism and conservation of natural and human resources. • reduce the negative impacts of tourism on the natural, cultural and social resources in tourist areas. • educate tourists on the importance of preserving natural areas. • emphasize the importance of responsible investing, which focuses on cooperation with local authorities in order to meet the needs of the local population and to maintain their customs and traditions. • Conduct social and environmental research in tourism and environmental areas to minimize the negative impacts. • Work to redouble their efforts to achieve higher financial returns to the host country through the use of local natural resources and human potential. • The tourism development goes hand in hand with social and environmental development, in the sense that coincides developments in all areas of society in order to not feel a sudden change. • rely on infrastructure that is consistent with the environmental conditions, and reduce the use of trees in the heating, and the preservation of the innate and cultural life. In the early nineties several publications described eco-tourism as a promising industry emerged and came in a study developed by "Elizablat Bo" entitled "eco-tourism, and potential risks" has been published by the Wildlife Protection Fund of the United States of America in 1990. Perhaps the main objective of ecotourism is to get a part of the global tourism market by attracting visitors and tourists to natural areas, and the use of investment tourism in the financing of local capacity and strengthen economic development revenues, and in 1990 was the formation of Ecotourism Association for the Unification of tourism departments and the preservation of the environment and focused Assembly several key topics and trends have are as follows: 1. The tourism market in general growth. 2. increased travel to natural areas, especially the steady growth of the local parks and forests in developing countries. 3. widespread discontent over the modest tourist programs offered by the travel and tourism companies. 4. urgent need to provide for the management of protected areas and natural way to suit the needs of the local population of the rural areas of financial and human resources. 5. recognition of the importance of tourism in the area of sustainable development and in 1990 began the private sector, which already depends on the areas of natural attractions or adventure trips, realizes the possibility of taking the initiative to preserve the environment and the granting of the great advantages for the locals seemed tour operators play an early role in this movement claimed some of these regulators that they follow the principles of this tourism for a period ranging from twenty to thirty years in some areas of the world. Communities wishing to obtain economic benefits from tourism in the formulation of strategies own to keep the tourism such as the importance of civilization at the time provide the income necessary for people living in rural areas, for example, has begun. This pattern of approved community-tourism has become an integral part of the environmental and natural tourism as community goals are usually limited to the preservation of the local environment and the exploitation of local natural resources, a key element of the tourist attractions. The need for eco-tourism: eco-tourism activity has contacts with other Bloncth where he takes them and gives them a transient and vector through which cross national economy bridge and even the world of a particular situation to the best and finest conditions and the best The need for an environmental tourism in the following points: 1. Altodev human for the unemployed in the state. 2. increase and development of the gross national product of the state. 3. Improve and increase the gross national income of the state. 4. improve the balance of payments by increasing foreign exchange earnings and the outcome of direct and indirect taxes resulting from the exercise of environmental tourism activity. 5. The development of national production and national product structure and its impact on the distribution of spending priorities, consumption and savings and investment. 6. increase the yield and economic returns Altamold the practice of eco-tourism projects or whether governments or individuals working in the tourist project activities. 7. environmental impact of tourism on the national personal and national culture and social relations between individuals, families and groups. 8. improve the potential future conditions for eco-tourism and work to reap the gains from the exercise of eco-tourism as an important economic activity and its impact on improving the environment and safety.
The importance of eco-tourism: eco-tourism particularly important gained from being working to achieve an integrated set of objectives at the same time derive their importance from itself, which stems from the nature of the practice and can identify the most important aspects in the following points: • to maintain the ecological balance and then the protection of natural life land, sea and air pollution, and thus they are used as a method of prevention rather than treatment methods, which maintains the mechanisms of balance, health and the environment. • Develop behavioral controls rationalization in the consumption of materials or the use of, or extract them so as to maintain public health and safety and the renewal of resources and not wasted or lost or loss at the same time achieve a higher degree of energy conservation and safety of the community and its vitality and effectiveness. • Ecotourism provides an easy life simple remote for the inconvenience, anxiety and tension to prevent noise and gaseous emissions that affect human efficiency as close to its natural instinct simple and uncomplicated life. • The economic importance of the economic security area where longer places the practice of eco-tourism of the most resource scarcity in the world of eco-tourism and therefore can benefit from the scarcity element in achieving sustainable development, can be achieved revenue and profit, employment and employment opportunities for the unemployed, the diversification of economic return and sources of income national, improve infrastructure and increase government revenues. • the political importance of environmental security not subjected countries disorders eco-tourism because of dissatisfaction with individuals from pollution or damage to the environment and are correct that ecotourism. • social importance of eco-tourism where it is eco-tourism-friendly community where you take advantage of what is available in the community and members of resources, where she works on the development of social relationships and achieve and improve the process of modernization of society and the transfer of isolated communities to open societies and works to keep the community in a state of constant work and reduce the seasonal risks and the resulting anxiety and social disorder. • cultural significance based on the dissemination of knowledge and increase knowledge of the impact on the development and delivery of eco-tourism programs and the dissemination of conservative culture, the environment and the preservation of heritage, humanitarian and cultural heritage, and culture of civilization and historical sites for eco-tourism, and industry events and cultural events and work to take advantage of the local culture, such as fine arts, literature and folklore Tourism and cultural seminars and meetings. • humanitarian importance of eco-tourism, where human activity is working to provide the beautiful life of man, offering him the treatment of anxiety and tension and provide him with comfort and harmony and restore the vital activity and mental and emotional balance and purity of soul and treatment of diseases of age.
Environmental "land and sea tourism": expanding the concept of the wild environment to include all located on land assets, and for tourism, means wild spaces that make up the points tourist attraction green Kalmstahat and deserts, springs, rivers, mountains, lakes, wilderness and nature reserves and the content of the animals and plants in addition to the cultural assets of the effects of historical or rock or dirt or sand on the Earth's surface components.
The negative aspects of Ecotourism: A recent scientific study that eco-tourism has many negative aspects, sea creatures and suffered greatly, especially the dolphins and whales, and tourism activities affect the dolphins, whales and sharks dramatically, where affect voices boats, and pay the noise caused by boats these marine organisms to raise the tone of their voices that are used to communicate with each other and to increase the sense of tension and anxiety, which affects the psychological Atzanha called study to rationalize those cruises which prevents those creatures affected negatively on the eco-tourism. It is worth mentioning that the work to spread environmental awareness as well as the culture of tourism and increase awareness both among individuals or government agencies is required by the need to clarify the concepts and foundations and principles of environmental thought in the minds of segments of the society since childhood Respect for the environment must be feeling internally to everyone as well as administrators to deploy environmental education and guidance because the culture of environmental protection and the protection of individuals overall objective should be to communities seeking to live in a safe and clean environment.